How Long to Wait? Predicting Bus Arrival TimeWith Mobile Phone Based Participatory Sensing
How Long to Wait? Predicting Bus Arrival TimeWith Mobile Phone Based Participatory Sensing
The
bus arrival time is primary information to most city transport travelers.
Excessively long waiting time at bus stops oftendiscourages the travelers and
makes them reluctant to take buses. In this paper, we present a bus arrival
time prediction systembased on bus passengers’ participatory sensing. With
commodity mobile phones, the bus passengers’ surrounding environmentalcontext
is effectively collected and utilized to estimate the bus traveling routes and
predict bus arrival time at various bus stops. Theproposed system solely relies
on the collaborative effort of the participating users and is independent from
the bus operatingcompanies, so it can be easily adopted to support universal
bus service systems without requesting support from particular busoperating
companies. Instead of referring to GPS-enabled location information, we resort
to more generally available and energyefficient sensing resources, including
cell tower signals, movement statuses, audio recordings, etc., which bring less
burden to theparticipatory party and encourage their participation. We develop
a prototype system with different types of Android-based mobilephones and
comprehensively experiment with the NTU campus shuttle buses as well as
Singapore public buses over a 7-weekperiod. The evaluation results suggest that
the proposed system achieves outstanding prediction accuracy compared with those
busoperator initiated and GPS supported solutions. We further adopt our system
and conduct quick trial experiments with London bussystem for 4 days, which
suggests the easy deployment of our system and promising system performance
across cities. At the sametime, the proposed solution is more generally
available and energy friendly
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