ANDROID SECURITY MECHANISM AND ENCRYPTION SERVICE - Code Shoppy

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Best Android PHP Project Center Kumbakonam - Code Shoppy

ANDROID SECURITY MECHANISM AND ENCRYPTION SERVICE

Code Shoppy - Android and PHP Project Center Kumbakonam


A. Security model 

Android uses a layered system architecture, which consists of the Linux kernel layer, the hardware abstraction layer, the system runtime library layer, the application framework layer and the application layer [4]. Figure 1 shows the architecture of Android.

Android is based on the Linux operating system kernel, which implements the core functions of hardware device driver, process and memory management, network protocol stack, power management and so on. In addition, Android also increased the number of mobile devices for specific functions, such as Low Memory Killer, Ashmem (Anonymous Shared Memory), and Binder. https://codeshoppy.com/project-center-kumbakonam.html These enhancements to help further the Androids memory management, inter process communication (IPC) and other aspects of security. Android mechanism also uses the security features provided by the Linux kernel, using Linux user isolation mechanism to achieve Android application sandbox mechanism. 

During the installation phase of the application, Android automatically provide for each application with unique UID (User ID), application execution on the specific process in the UID operation, in addition, each application has a special data read and write permissions for their own directory. So the application sandbox mechanism ensures that each application runs in its own independent space, the mutual interference between each other, thus greatly enhance the protection of user privacy, and stability and running application security [5]. 

Because the Android application sandbox mechanism makes a process can access the memory of another process space, so as to achieve inter process communication, Binder as a new IPC mechanism for Android came into being. Binder is based on the design and conception of OpenBinder, and realizes the distributed component architecture based on abstract interface. The Binder mechanism in the kernel space to increase the process identifier, thus, the caller can not exceed the allowed permission system to obtain through forged identity, so it can prevent the occurrence of right phenomenon, improve safety.

B. Encryption Service 

The encryption service of the Android system can protect the system security based on the Java encryption architecture [5]. Supported encryption algorithms includes: DES algorithm, AES algorithm, DH algorithm, RSA algorithm, MD5 algorithm, SHA-1, SHA-256, etc.. DES (Data Encryption Standard) is one of the most popular block cipher which also widely used in the world [6]. It is developed by the United States IBM company, it is the length of the plaintext packet of 64 bits, the key length of 56 bits. 

To express in three stages, the first is the initial replacement, then has the same function in the 16 round of transformation, and finally after an inverse initial permutation; where was the key point, first through a replacement function, then the encryption process of each round, produce a sub key through a circular left shift and replacement. The decryption algorithm of DES is the same as what the encryption algorithm, while the sub key is used in reverse order [7]. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)is a block encryption standard adopted by the federal government[8]. 

Issued by the National Institute of standards and Technology (NIST) that has become one of the most popular algorithms for symmetric key encryption [9]. AES algorithm is a block cipher with block length and key length. The key length and the block length may be independently designated as 128 bits, 192 bits, and 256 bits. AES algorithm is the most basic transformation unit ”round” multiple iterations. The round function is composed of four different internal functions: ByteSubShiftRowMixColumnAddRoundKey. 

The decryption of the algorithm is only in the opposite direction inversion encryption [7]. DH (Diffie-Hellman) key exchange protocol is the first public key cryptosystem proposed by W.Diffie and M.Hellman in 1976 [10]. The purpose of the algorithm is to enable two users to exchange keys safely, and to obtain a shared session key. The security of the algorithm based on the difficulty of finding discrete logarithms. The RSA algorithm was constructed by R.Rivst, A.Shamir, and L.Adleman in 1978 [11]. It is also the most mature and perfect public key cryptosystem.



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